Built circa 1822, Doaktown's First School is a small and modest structure where the children of early Doaktown settlers would have been educated. It is a prime example of the typical rural school found in New Brunswick during the early 19th century, being a vernacular, one-room building made of wood.

The building's one-room structure is unusual in two ways. Firstly, only one of the four walls has windows, with the wall opposite the windows having a blackboard and teaching area. Secondly, despite having been built in an era where outhouses were still common, the school's lavatory facilities are contained within the building, in the form of two wooden seats on the west end of the school.

Eventually, the village population grew to the point that the school could no longer accommodate all the students, forcing it to close and be replaced by a larger school. In 1996, Doaktown's First School was moved to the Doak House Provincial Historic Site by the Doak House, where it still stands.